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  • POLICIES FOR HUMAN CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT IN ALBANIA

POLICIES FOR HUMAN CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT IN ALBANIA

An ETF Torino Process assessment

Albania
Type
TRP assessment report
Authors
Stefan Thomas, ETF expert
Year
2019
Full report

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Executive summary

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PREAMBLE

The European Training Foundation (ETF) assessment process provides an external, forward-looking analysis of countries' human capital development issues and VET policy responses from a lifelong learning perspective. It identifies challenges related to education and training policy and practice that hinder the development and use of human capital, taking stock of them and putting forward recommendations for possible solutions.

Such assessments are a key deliverable of the Torino Process, an initiative launched by the ETF in 2010 aimed at providing a periodic review of vocational education and training (VET) systems in the wider context of human capital development and inclusive economic growth. In providing a high-quality evaluation of VET policy from a lifelong learning perspective, the assessment process builds on four key principles: ownership, participation, and holistic and evidence-based analysis.

For the ETF, human capital development is about supporting countries to create lifelong learning systems, providing opportunities and incentives for people to develop their knowledge, skills, competences and attitudes throughout their lives to help them find employment, realise their potential and contribute to prosperous, innovative and inclusive societies.

The main purpose of these assessments is to provide a reliable source of information to enable the planning and monitoring of national education and training policies with respect to human capital development, as well as offering a foundation for programming and policy dialogue in support of these policies by the European Union and other donors.

The ETF assessments rely on evidence collected by the respective countries using a standardised reporting template (national reporting framework – NRF) within a participatory process involving a wide variety of actors with a high degree of ownership. The findings and recommendations of the ETF assessments have been shared and discussed with national authorities and beneficiaries. However, the ETF takes full responsibility for each assessment and for any errors and omissions contained therein.

This assessment report starts with a brief description of the strategic plans and national policy priorities of Albania (Chapter 1). It then presents an overview of issues related to the development and use of human capital in the country (Chapter 2), before moving on to an in-depth discussion of the problems in this area that, in the view of the ETF, require immediate attention (Chapter 3). Chapter 4 provides the overall conclusions of the analysis.

The annex provides a summary of the recommendations in the report. The National Torino Process Report compiled by the country itself can be found here: https://openspace.etf.europa.eu/trp/torino-process-2018-2020-albania-national-report

Next Chapter

Table of Contents

  • PREAMBLE
  • EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
  • 1. INTRODUCTION
    • 1.1 About this assessment
    • 1.2 Country overview
      • The economy and the labour market
      • National priorities
      • European and regional integration
      • Socio-demographic developments
    • 1.3 Strategic context
      • Overview
      • Reform priorities
      • International cooperation
  • 2. HUMAN CAPITAL: DEVELOPMENT AND CHALLENGES
    • 2.1 Economy and labour market context and challenges
      • Positive trends but unemployment and inactivity rates of young people remain high
      • The inefficient use of human capital due to precarious and informal employment
      • Low workforce productivity
    • 2.2 Socio-demographic challenges
      • Emigration because of dissatisfaction with the education system (among other factors)
      • Growing interest in vocational training among potential migrants
      • Decreasing younger age cohorts – a challenge for educational planning
    • 2.3 Challenges in education and training
      • Despite improvements, low educational attainment rates remain
      • Early school leaving decreased but remains a challenge
      • PISA results improved, but quality of education and training warrants continuous attention
      • Weak job vacancy and skills alignment
      • Limited opportunities for adult learning
      • Underinvestment in education and training
  • 3. ASSESSMENT OF KEY ISSUES AND POLICY RESPONSES
    • 3.1 Key Issue 1: Low participation in education and training in a lifelong learning perspective
      • Issues
        • Participation in vocational education (vocational schools)
        • Early leavers from education and training
        • Participation in vocational training (Vocational Training Centres)
      • Policies
      • Recommendations
        • A comprehensive and in-depth analysis of the early school leaving phenomenon
        • New opportunities for adults' education and training
    • 3.2 Key issue 2: Low quality of education and training
      • Issues
        • Teachers and trainers in vocational education and training
        • Providers of vocational education and training
      • Policies
        • Teachers and trainers
        • VET provider network and educational planning
      • Recommendations
        • Teachers and trainers
        • VET provider network and educational planning
        • Quality assurance of private training provision
    • 3.3 Key Issue 3: Weak alignment of education and training to the labour market
      • Issues
        • Cooperation and coordination
        • Work-based learning
        • Career guidance
      • Policies
        • Cooperation and coordination
        • Work-based learning
        • Career guidance
      • Recommendations
        • Cooperation and coordination
        • Work-based learning
        • Career guidance
  • 4. CONCLUSIONS
  • ACRONYMS
  • REFERENCES
  • Summary of recommendations
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The European Training Foundation is a European Union agency that helps transition and developing countries harness the potential of their human capital through the reform of education, training and labour market systems, and in the context of the EU's external relations policy. Based in Turin, Italy, the ETF has been operational since 1994.
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