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  • POLICIES FOR HUMAN CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT IN MONTENEGRO

POLICIES FOR HUMAN CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT IN MONTENEGRO

An ETF Torino Process assessment

Montenegro
Type
TRP assessment report
Authors
Marie Dorléans, ETF expert
Year
2020
Full report

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Executive summary

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PREAMBLE

The European Training Foundation (ETF) assessment provides an external, forward-looking analysis of the country's human capital development issues and vocational education and training (VET) policy responses in a lifelong learning perspective. It identifies challenges related to education and training policy and practice that hinder the development and use of human capital. It takes stock of these challenges and puts forward recommendations on possible solutions to address them.

These assessments are a key deliverable of the Torino Process, an initiative launched by the ETF in 2010 aimed at providing a periodic review of VET systems and policies in the wider context of human capital development and inclusive economic growth. In providing a high-quality assessment of VET policy from a lifelong learning perspective, the process builds on four key principles: ownership, participation, holistic and evidence-based analysis.

For the ETF, human capital development is the provision of support to countries for the creation of lifelong learning systems that provide opportunities and incentives for people to develop their skills, competences, knowledge and attitudes throughout their lives for the sake of employment and realisation of their potential, and as a contribution to prosperous, innovative and inclusive societies.

The purpose of the assessments is to provide a reliable source of information for planning and monitoring national education and training policies for human capital development, as well as for programming and policy dialogue in support of these policies by the European Union and other donors.

The ETF assessments rely on evidence from the countries collected through a standardised reporting template (National Reporting Framework) and a participatory process involving a wide variety of actors with a high degree of ownership by the country. The findings and recommendations of the ETF assessment have been shared and discussed with national authorities and beneficiaries. However, the ETF takes full responsibility for the content of the assessment.

This assessment report starts with a brief description of Montenegro's socioeconomic and strategic context (Chapter 1). It then presents an overview of issues related to the development and use of human capital in the country (Chapter 2), before moving on to an in-depth discussion of problems in this area, which in the view of the ETF require immediate attention, and it formulates specific recommendations (Chapter 3). Chapter 4 provides overall conclusions of the analysis.

The annexes provide additional information: a summary of the recommendations in the report (Annex 1) and an overview of the education and training system of Montenegro (Annex 2). The national Torino Process report compiled by the country itself can be found here: https://openspace.etf.europa.eu/trp/torino-process-2018-2020-montenegro-national-report

Next Chapter

Table of Contents

  • PREAMBLE
  • EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
    • Context
    • Findings on human capital
    • Recommendations for action
  • 1. INTRODUCTION
    • 1.1 About this assessment
    • 1.2 Country overview
    • 1.3 Strategic context
      • National and European policy framework
      • HCD strategic context
  • 2. HUMAN CAPITAL: DEVELOPMENT AND CHALLENGES
    • Overview
    • 2.1 Using human capital in an optimal way: the challenge of skills mismatch in a contrasted labour market context
    • 2.2 The formation of human capital: access and participation are well ensured, and inclusion is paid a remarkable attention, but quality and efficiency remain uneven
      • Lifelong learning and adult education: an imperative to expand, in view of coping with unfavourable demographic trends
      • Education and training in Montenegro: key features and orders of magnitude
      • Access and participation
      • Inclusion
      • Quality
  • 3. ASSESSMENT OF KEY ISSUES AND POLICY RESPONSES
    • 3.1 Addressing and preventing the skills mismatch
      • Analysis of the skills mismatch
      • Policy responses
      • Recommendations for VET to contribute to addressing the skills mismatch in the short to medium term
    • 3.2 Sharing VET governance to improve policy capacity
      • The scattered strategic landscape and the lack of results orientation
        • Analysis of the situation and current policy responses
        • Recommendations for improving the strategic framework of VET reform
      • Institutional set-up, centralised governance and the social partnership activation challenge
        • Analysis of the situation and current policy responses
        • Recommendations for fostering shared governance:
      • Limited human, material and financial resources keep institutional and policy capacity at risk
        • Analysis of the situation and current policy responses
        • Recommendations for systematically addressing the institutional capacity issue
      • Financing mechanisms of the VET system: an interesting tool for steering policy and sharing governance
        • Analysis of the situation and current policy responses
        • Recommendation for further using financing mechanisms and schemes to reinforce policy capacity
      • Data, monitoring and evaluation: the missing link to foster a culture of results and accountability on the one hand, and to convert the vitality of innovative pilot projects into systemic reforms on the other
        • Analysis of the situation and current policy responses
        • Recommendations for improving data, monitoring and evaluation
  • 4. CONCLUSIONS
  • ACRONYMS
  • REFERENCES
  • Summary of recommendations
  • The education and training system of Montenegro
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The European Training Foundation is a European Union agency that helps transition and developing countries harness the potential of their human capital through the reform of education, training and labour market systems, and in the context of the EU's external relations policy. Based in Turin, Italy, the ETF has been operational since 1994.
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