Education, skills and employment: Trends and developments 2025 (Pre-release version)

This report presents the results of annual monitoring of trends and developments in education, skills and employment in partner countries of the ETF. It presents and discusses evidence on how education and training systems respond to demographic, economic and labour-market pressures, and how effectively they deliver learning opportunities for young people and adults, including socioeconomically disadvantaged groups. The findings suggest that, in many countries, access to learning remains uneven, particularly for adults and girls; that learners do not always acquire the foundational skills they need; and that many VET systems struggle with limited human and financial resources.