Validation of non-formal and informal learning – Kazakhstan

Validation of Non-Formal and Informal Learning (VNFIL) is an established phenomenon in the Republic of Kazakhstan, in existence for many decades outside or on the margins of the formal state-controlled system. VNFIL traditionally offers various forms of confirmation or certification to individuals who have developed a specific set of skills and obtained competence non-formal and/or informal channels. The major perceived benefits of VNFIL are in its flexibility, affordability and availability in all regions in Kazakhstan.