Key policy developments in education, training and employment – Egypt 2023

In April 2021, Egypt introduced the National Structural Reform Programme (NSRP) as an evolution of its 2016 economic reform initiative. This strategy supports sustainable development goals and prioritises economic diversification to boost the GDP contributions from the manufacturing, agriculture and ICT sectors. A significant focus is placed on enhancing the labour market, notably in technical and vocational education. Egypt, the Arab Region’s most populous nation, exceeded 104 million citizens in 2021 and is projected to reach 180 million by 2052. As of 2020, 543 900 international migrants resided in Egypt, and this number is now said to be much higher, especially following the political instability in the region, in particular in Sudan. The economic revival commenced in April 2021, but a resurgence of COVID-19 coupled with global shocks affected the pace of growth. However, growth reached 6.6% between mid-2021 and mid-2022. Socially, 30% of Egyptians live below the poverty line. To combat ’the pandemic’s effects, a USD 6.13 billion stimulus was introduced.