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  • POLICIES FOR HUMAN CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT IN KOSOVO

POLICIES FOR HUMAN CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT IN KOSOVO

An ETF Torino Process assessment

Kosovo*
Type
TRP assessment report
Authors
Evelyn Viertel, ETF expert
Year
2020
Full report

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Executive summary

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PREAMBLE

This European Training Foundation (ETF) assessment provides an external, forward-looking analysis of the country's human capital development issues and vocational education and training (VET) policy responses in a lifelong learning perspective. It identifies challenges related to education and training policy and practice that hinder the development and use of human capital. It takes stock of these challenges and puts forward recommendations on possible solutions to address them.

These assessments are a key deliverable of the Torino Process, an initiative launched by the ETF in 2010 aimed at providing a periodic review of VET systems in the wider context of human capital development and inclusive economic growth. In providing a high-quality assessment of VET policy from a lifelong learning perspective, the process builds on four key principles: ownership, participation, holistic analysis and evidence-based analysis.

Human capital, in this context, is the provision of support to countries for the creation of lifelong learning systems that provide opportunities and incentives for people to develop their skills, competences, knowledge and attitudes throughout their lives for the sake of employment and realisation of their potential, and as a contribution to prosperous, innovative and inclusive societies.

The purpose of the assessment is to provide a reliable source of information for planning and monitoring national education and training policies for human capital development, as well as for programming and policy dialogue in support of these policies by the European Union and other donors.

The ETF assessments rely on evidence from the countries collected through a standardised reporting template (i.e. the national reporting framework) through a participatory process involving a wide variety of actors with a high degree of ownership by the country. The findings and recommendations of the ETF assessment have been shared and discussed with national authorities and beneficiaries.

This assessment report starts with a brief description of the strategic plans and national policy priorities of Kosovo (Chapter 1). It then presents an overview of issues related to the development and use of human capital in the country (Chapter 2), before moving on to an in-depth discussion of problems in this area, which in the view of the ETF require immediate attention (Chapter 3). Chapter 4 provides a conclusion of the analysis. Annex 1 summarises the key recommendations in table format, while Annex 2 provides a chart of Kosovo's education and training system. The National Report of the Torino process can be found at: https://openspace.etf.europa.eu/trp/torino-process-2018-2020-kosovo-national-report.

Next Chapter

Table of Contents

  • PREAMBLE
  • EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
    • Findings on human capital
      • Economic context and challenges
      • Demographic developments
      • Labour market context and challenges
      • Access, participation and early leaving from education
      • Quality and relevance of basic education, VET and higher education
    • Recommendations for action
      • Economic context and challenges
      • Demographic developments
      • Labour market context and challenges
      • Participation, quality and relevance in education
  • 1. INTRODUCTION
    • 1.1 About this assessment
    • 1.2 Country overview
    • 1.3 Strategic context
  • 2. HUMAN CAPITAL: DEVELOPMENT AND CHALLENGES
    • 2.1 Educational planning in the context of demographic change
      • Challenge 1: Demographic developments are to inform educational planning
    • 2.2 Participation in the labour force and employment growth
      • 2.2.1 A note on statistics
      • 2.2.2 Trends in labour market participation
        • Challenge 2: Many women remain inactive, underutilising their skills despite desire to work
      • 2.2.3 Trends in employment
        • Challenge 3: Highly qualified people have better labour market chances but may end up in lower-skilled jobs
        • Challenge 4: Inefficient use of human capital due to precarious employment conditions
      • 2.2.4 Trends in unemployment
        • Challenge 5: Huge underutilisation of young people's skills due to high youth unemployment
      • 2.2.5 Young people neither in education nor employment
        • Challenge 6: High share of young NEETs as a risk to equitable human capital development
    • 2.3 Access, participation and early school leaving
      • Challenge 7: One in ten young people leave school without completing upper secondary education
    • 2.4 Quality and relevance of VET
      • Challenge 8: Lack of basic skills ill-equips Kosovo's young people for later learning and work
      • 2.4.1 Teachers in VET
      • 2.4.2 Instructional materials
      • 2.4.3 Practice orientation in VET
        • Challenge 9: Partial lack of labour market and practice orientation in VET hinders development of relevant skills
  • 3. ASSESSMENT OF KEY ISSUES AND POLICY RESPONSES
    • 3.1 Governance and institutional arrangements to better align VET provision with economic and labour market needs
      • Issues
      • 3.1.1 Revisiting agencies and multilevel management arrangements
        • Policies
        • Recommendations
      • 3.1.2 Improving the use of data and evidence to support policy
        • Policies
    • 3.2 Weak transitions to the labour market and employment for young people and females
      • Issues
      • 3.2.1 Youth unemployment
      • 3.2.2 Female inactivity
        • Policies
        • Recommendations
  • 4. CONCLUSIONS
  • ACRONYMS
  • REFERENCES
  • Summary of recommendations
  • The education and training system of Kosovo*
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The European Training Foundation is a European Union agency that helps transition and developing countries harness the potential of their human capital through the reform of education, training and labour market systems, and in the context of the EU's external relations policy. Based in Turin, Italy, the ETF has been operational since 1994.
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