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  • POLICIES FOR HUMAN CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT IN JORDAN

POLICIES FOR HUMAN CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT IN JORDAN

An ETF Torino Process assessment

Jordan
Type
TRP assessment report
Year
2020
Full report

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Executive summary

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Preamble

The European Training Foundation (ETF) assessment provides an external, forward-looking analysis of the country's human capital development issues and VET policy responses from a lifelong learning perspective. It identifies challenges related to education and training policy and practice that hinder the development and use of human capital. It takes stock of these challenges and puts forward recommendations on possible solutions to address them.

Such assessments are a key deliverable of the Torino Process, an initiative launched by the ETF in 2010 with the aim of providing a periodic review of vocational education and training (VET) systems in the wider context of human capital development and inclusive economic growth. In providing a high-quality assessment of VET policy from a lifelong learning perspective, the assessment process builds on four key principles: ownership, participation, and holistic and evidence-based analysis.

For the ETF, human capital development is about supporting countries to create lifelong learning systems that provide opportunities and incentives for people to develop their knowledge, skills, competences and attitudes throughout their lives in order to help them find employment, realise their potential and contribute to prosperous, innovative and inclusive societies.

The main purpose of these assessments is to provide a reliable source of information to enable the planning and monitoring of national education and training policies for human capital development, as well as offering a foundation for programming and policy dialogue in support of these policies by the European Union and other donors.

The ETF assessments rely on evidence from countries that is collected through a standardised reporting template (the National Reporting Framework – NRF) within a participatory process involving a wide variety of actors with a high degree of ownership. The findings and recommendations of the ETF assessments have been shared and discussed with national authorities and beneficiaries.

The assessment report starts with a brief description of the strategic plans and national policy priorities in Jordan (Chapter 1). It then presents an overview of issues related to the development and use of human capital in the country (Chapter 2), before moving on to an in-depth discussion of problems in this area that in the view of the ETF require immediate attention (Chapter 3). Chapter 4 sets out the overall conclusions of the analysis. The annexes provide additional information: a summary of the recommendations in the report (Annex 1) and an overview of Jordan's education and training system (Annex 2)

The Torino Process national report compiled by the country itself can be found here: https://openspace.etf.europa.eu/trp/torino-process-2018-2020-jordan-national-report

This assessment was prepared by Mihaylo Milovanovitch, ETF Senior Specialist in VET Policies and Systems, based on the Torino Process national report and consultations with Jordanian stakeholders, including active international organisations and donors. ETF thanks all those who contributed to this consultation.

Next Chapter

Table of Contents

  • Preamble
  • Executive summary
    • Challenges for human capital development
    • Key human capital development issues and policy responses
      • Issue 1: Skills mismatch arising from the rigidity of VET provision and content
      • Issue 2: Underutilisation of human capital and of opportunities for human capital development for youth and women
    • Recommendations
      • Recommendations addressing issue 1
        • R.1 Raise the responsiveness of TVET to labour market needs by focusing on evidence
        • R.2 Prioritise small and micro-enterprises in the promotion of partnerships between TVET and the private sector
        • R.3 Harmonise the provision of entrepreneurial learning across the TVET system
      • Recommendations addressing issue 2
        • R.4 Improve and diversify support for at-risk students in TVET
        • R.5 Improve the conditions for female participation in mainstream TVET courses
        • R.6 Prioritise HCD measures that support the reintegration of inactive women into the labour market
    • Conclusions
  • 1. Introduction
    • 1.1 About this assessment
    • 1.2 Country overview
    • 1.3 Strategic context: strategic commitments, reforms and donor participation
  • 2. Human capital: overview of developments and challenges
    • 2.1 Overview and key data
    • 2.2 Migrants, refugees and the human capital of Jordan
      • Data on migration, refugee flows and policy responses
      • Refugees: integration-related pressures
      • Migrants: developments leading to brain drain
      • Migrants and refuges: informality and worsening employment conditions
    • 2.3 Continuity and progress on reforms in education and training
      • An overwhelming diversity of commitments to reform
      • Lack of regional focus in the planning and implementation of reforms
      • External factors
    • 2.4 Human capital development amid the Covid-19 crisis: challenges to continuity
  • 3. Assessment of key issues and policy responses
    • 3.1 Rigidity in VET content and provision as a source of skills mismatch
      • 3.1.1 Description of the problem
      • 3.1.2 Policy responses and gaps
        • VET relevance through information-sharing and the use of labour market evidence
        • Relevance through a sector-wide framework of national qualifications
        • Promotion of partnerships with the private sector
        • Boosting the labour market relevance of VET through entrepreneurial learning
      • 3.1.3 Recommendations
        • R.1 Raise the responsiveness of TVET to labour market needs by focusing on evidence
        • R.2 Prioritise small and micro-enterprises in the promotion of partnerships between TVET and the private sector
        • R.3 Harmonise the provision of entrepreneurial learning across the TVET system
    • 3.2 Underutilisation of human capital and of opportunities for human capital development for youth and women
      • 3.2.1 Description of the problem
        • Low rate of participation in technical and vocational education and training
        • Limited participation in the labour market
      • 3.2.2 Policy responses and gaps
        • Description and effectiveness of policies addressing low participation in HCD through VET
        • Description and effectiveness of policies addressing limited youth and female participation in employment
          • Measures in the domain of formal education and training
          • Measures in the domain of ALMP
          • Projects and donor-supported initiatives
          • Shared policy weaknesses
      • 3.2.3 Recommendations
        • R.4 Improve and diversify support for at-risk students in TVET
        • R.5 Improve the conditions for female participation in mainstream TVET courses
        • R.6 Prioritise HCD measures that support the reintegration of inactive women into the labour market
  • 4. Conclusion
  • Acronyms
  • References
  • Summary of recommendations
  • The education and training system of Jordan
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The European Training Foundation is a European Union agency that helps transition and developing countries harness the potential of their human capital through the reform of education, training and labour market systems, and in the context of the EU's external relations policy. Based in Turin, Italy, the ETF has been operational since 1994.
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