Quality of work-based learning
This report analyses the quality of work-based learning, including dual vocational education and training, in Albania, Kosovo*, Montenegro, North Macedonia and Serbia. It covers both initial and continuing VET against European quality criteria. It highlights significant progress in regulatory frameworks, particularly for IVET, alongside persistent implementation gaps. Priorities include stronger social partner involvement, professional development of in-company trainers, fair learner compensation, sustainable financing, transparent access, career guidance, employer accreditation, quality assurance and graduate tracking. WBL in CVET remains less developed and less consistently regulated, but offers important potential for lifelong learning, upskilling, reskilling, labour-market inclusion and skills adaptation across the Western Balkans region.
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