Vocational education and training systems vary significantly by country in the EU. This section will cover both school and work-based systems, including initial and post-secondary vocational education.  Information by country will be added soon.

This site, run by an EU agency, provides links to information on the vocational education and training system in every EU country: https://www.cedefop.europa.eu/en/networks/refernet.

Austria:

• Education System and VET System: https://www.bibb.de/en/147571.php
• Apprenticeship System: https://www.bibb.de/en/147575.php
• Vocational education and training in Austria (video): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E1CCyk5UtL8
• Practice Enterprises: https://www.act.at/en

Belgium

• Education in Flanders: https://onderwijs.vlaanderen.be/en

Bulgaria:

• National Agency for Vocational Education and Training: https://www.navet.government.bg/en/

Croatia:

• Vocational education in Croatia: Vocational education in Croatia

Cyprus:

• VET System in Cyprus: https://www.cedefop.europa.eu/en/tools/vet-in-europe/systems/cyprus-2019
• Information for Ukrainian refugees from Cyprus Ministry of Education, Sport and Youth: http://www.moec.gov.cy/en/ukrainian_refugees.html

Denmark:

• Academy Profession Programmes: https://www.ug.dk/programmes/academyprofessiondegrees
• Vocational education in Denmark: https://www.ug.dk/uddannelser/erhvervsuddannelser
• VET in Denmark overview: https://eng.uvm.dk/upper-secondary-education/vocational-education-and-training-in-denmark
• Education for youth and adults: https://ukrainian-in-denmark.dk/uk/tema/%d0%be%d1%81%d0%b2%d1%96%d1%82%d0%b0-%d0%b4%d0%bb%d1%8f-%d0%bc%d0%be%d0%bb%d0%be%d0%b4%d1%96-%d1%82%d0%b0-%d0%b4%d0%be%d1%80%d0%be%d1%81%d0%bb%d0%b8%d1%85/ 

Estonia:

• Vocational education and training for Ukrainians: https://www.hm.ee/uk-UA/osvita-v-estonii/zagalna-informaciya-ta-kontakti#navchannya-v-zaklada 

Finland:

• Qualifications and studies in vocational education and training: https://okm.fi/en/qualifications-and-studies_vet
• Vocational education and training (VET): https://opintopolku.fi/konfo/en/sivu/vocational-education-and-training-vet#further-vocational-qualification
• Vocational education and training in Finland (video): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VuOKaNmHzO0

France:

• Vocational high school: https://www.education.gouv.fr/reussir-au-lycee/la-voie-professionnelle-au-lycee-12101
• College orientation portal: https://www.onisep.fr/Choisir-mes-etudes/College
• Vocational education and training system in France (video with EN and FR subtitles): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yu2FBzp1Zxs

Germany: 

• Education overview for people coming to Germany from other countries: https://www.arbeitsagentur.de/en/education
• Information portal on vocational training and higher education in Germany: https://www.berufenavi.de/immigrants
• Find your training or dual study programme: https://www.ausbildung.de/
• Vocational education and training system in Germany (video): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MWVQaJwWzU8
• School, higher education, vocational training: information for refugees from Ukraine: https://www.bmbf.de/bmbf/en/news/information-for-refugees-from-ukraine.html
• Materials on German vocational education and training for Ukrainians: https://www.bibb.de/en/155561.php

Greece:

• Vocational Training Institutes in Greece: https://www.xo.gr/dir-az/I/IEK-Vocational-Training-Institutes/?lang=en

Hungary:

• Dual vocational training: https://dualis.mkik.hu/

Ireland: 

• Find training and courses at Further Education and Training Course Hub: https://www.fetchcourses.ie/ 
• Online platform of vocational courses and professional development courses: https://www.allcourses.ie/

Italy:

• Vocational education and training in Italy: https://www.vetitaly.it/
• Vocational education and training in Italy (video): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sY4KGx7J_WY

Latvia:

• Education system in Latvia: https://www.izm.gov.lv/en/education-system-latvia?utm_source=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bing.com%2F
• Video on vocational education and training in Latvia: https://www.cedefop.europa.eu/en/videos/vocational-education-and-training-latvia
• Latvia's VET system explained in 2'30'': https://www.cedefop.europa.eu/en/news/latvias-vet-system-explained-230
• Integrating Ukrainian refugees into VET and labour market of Latvia: https://www.cedefop.europa.eu/en/news/latvia-integrating-ukrainian-refugees-vet-and-labour-market

Lithuania:

• VET programmes overview: https://www.skvc.lt/default/en/education-in-lithuania/vocational
• Information on vocational training for Ukrainian refugees: https://ihvilnius.lt/migration
• Vocational education resources (information in Ukraininan): https://docs.google.com/document/d/1hzJddNbbZSkTymLro4Xy2OVod2WlUyl1_T_rE-t0lLk/edit

Luxembourg:

• All about vocational training  in Luxembourg: https://men.public.lu/en/professionnel.html

Malta:

• Vocational education and training in Malta (video): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fI9yWS5nWyY

Netherlands:

• Dutch VET: https://www.mboraad.nl/english
• Vocational education and training in the Netherlands (video): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TOpwMyG4o8k&t=6s
• Secondary Vocational Education (MBO): https://www.rijksoverheid.nl/onderwerpen/middelbaar-beroepsonderwijs

Poland:

• List of vocational schools: http://studyinpoland.pl/en/non-university-vocational-schools-in-poland

Portugal:

• Vocational education and training system in Portugal (video): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I6KcXBDCb80
• All about VET in Portugal: https://www.playyourskills.eu/en/vet-portugal/

Romania:

• Vocational education and training in Romania (video): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-HOeQockM3o

Slovakia:

• Vocational education and training in Slovakia (video): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KPy6O5bCJHc
• System of dual education

Slovenia:

• Vocational education and training system in Slovenia (video): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rUXXKI-aeOc

Spain:

• Employment Training System in Spain: https://www.fundae.es/formacion
• Ministry of Education and Professional Training: https://www.educacionyfp.gob.es/portada.html

Sweden:

• Swedish vocational education (video): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kCcdexmtUXE
• Swedish National Agency for Higher Vocational Education: https://www.myh.se/in-english